The Easy Guide To Building Computers. This is a simple step by step guide On How To Build Your Own Computer.

Single board computers are small circuit boards that have all the components necessary to function as a complete digital computer. We do not see them often and when we do, we have a hard time recognizing them. However, most of us must have used a single board computer in one form or another. These components are often embedded in cell phones, fax machines, GPS receivers and other electronic products that make use of computer technology.

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Electronic products are not the largest market for single board computers. They find wider use in industrial applications. Such computers are called industrial single board computers, or simply industrial computers. They are used for a variety of industrial functions. Most of these computers are embedded in industrial machines that perform complex tasks, while others are arranged in a rack-mount format and are used for data acquisition and processing, as well as in product research and development.

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Industrial single board computers are different than your regular home or office desktop computers. They are even quite different from other single board computers embedded in electronic products. These differences are dictated by their industrial functions. Industrial single board computers are usually designed to perform a solitary task, unlike desktop computers that are for multitasking. Because they are used in industrial processes, industrial single board computers are specifically designed to withstand various industrial factors such as shocks, vibrations, humidity, electromagnetic interference, radio frequency interference, dust, flash and mist.

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Looking at the history, most industrial single board computers were initially manufactured in-house or by companies that use them. There are several reasons for this. First, industrial single board computers are often used for company-specific applications, so companies find it more practical to hire engineers to manufacture their own single board computers m rather than let another company manufacture single board computers for them.

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Another reason is the lack of standards for single board computers, so the development in a particular single board computer does not necessarily affect other single board computers. Everything changed, however, when PCs began conquering the computer world. Shortly after the PC dominated the computer scene, standards for single board computers started to appear. These standards gave rise to the creation of off-the-shelf single board computers that conform to particular standards and can be programmed to perform specific tasks.

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Because these single board computers cost less and are usually updated with new technologies, many companies have opted to use them rather than develop their own industrial single board computers. Some companies still opt for custom single board computers and purchase them from manufacturers rather than develop them in-house.

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When we talk of computers, topics usually range from desktops, laptops and notebooks. Sometimes, our ideas and discussions about computers seem to go on forever. However, we seldom hear talk about single board computers. We may not be familiar with the term, though many of us have used single board computer at one time or another.

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A single board computer is a complete computer that stands on a single circuit board. It is a circuit board that contains all the components to make a complete computer, such as the processor, memory (RAM), I/O, processor clock and audio and video interfaces. Single board computers may be used as stand-alone units, embedded units or backplane units.

Today, single board computers have found wide use in industrial processes. These small-form factor computers are often used in industrial machines in a rack-mount format that performs complex processes.

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Single board computers can also be found in other applications. Cell phones, fax machines, scanners and other electronic products that make use of computer technology are equipped with embedded single board computers. Notebook computers, especially the older ones, are basically single board computers.

Many new home electronic products, especially those that are designed to communicate with a computer or other electronic products, make use of embedded single board computers. Despite this emerging trend in home electronics, single board computers fail to fully dominate the computer world because of some disadvantages.

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However, single board computers do have advantages over other types of computers. With all the components built on a single board, the manufacturing cost of single board computers is less compared to multiboard computers. The single board design makes it more reliable because the need for problematic connectors is eliminated. With new technologies, the capabilities of single board computers can further be improved, while its size is further reduced.

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On the downside, single board computers are less flexible than other types of computers. With all the components soldered in a single board, there is no way the computer can be upgraded whenever new developments appear on the market. Simply said, the technological capabilities of single board computers are fixed, and they have no ability to take advantage of new technological developments.

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If you have work files, private financial information or bookkeeping stored on your computer, this could be the most important article that you will ever read. As with any electronic device, glitches can occur without warning and, when it comes to computers, they can often result in the loss of important files. But, what if there was some way to recover the data that you thought was lost? For many, this theory is music to your ears. The good news is, however, that it’s not a theory because your computer may have an excellent data recovery capability that you didn’t even know about.

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The first and most reliable way to ensure data recovery is to make a back-up copy of your file(s) and store them onto a CD or another location in your computer. In some cases, you may even prefer to store a back-up file on a different computer. This will help greatly in the event that your original file becomes corrupted or is missing.

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If you are operating your computer using Microsoft Windows XP, you may use the System Restore feature to undo harmful changes to your computer and restore its settings and performance. System Restore returns your computer to an earlier time (called a restore point) without causing you to lose recent work, such as saved documents, e-mail or history and favorites lists. As an added benefit, any changes that System Restore makes to your computer are completely reversible. You may access this feature by clicking on Programs, then Accessories and choosing the System Restore feature. This will work as an effective data recovery method for most computer users.

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If you experience problems with your startup screen, you may be able to restart the system in Safe Mode. This will allow for you to make some changes and access several features in an effort to find the problem. In Safe Mode, you will only have access to basic files and drivers, but will not be able to logon to the internet.

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If you are still experiencing difficulty with data recovery, you may find success with inserting the appropriate Restore/System CD that came with your computer. When prompted, you can choose to repair the system without affecting any data or software programs. To do so, restart the computer with the CD inside and press R to start the Recovery Console. From there, you can access the drives on your computer and make any needed changes. This approach is effective if the computer is experiencing a problem with startup or is not working properly and no other remedy will work.

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If you are experiencing problems that none of the aforementioned methods will correct, your last resort may be to use the Windows Installation CD, which will reinstall the operating system to it’s original configuration. This will erase all files, including data files, which means the only way to have a successful data recovery using this method is if you have saved back-up copies that you can access via CD-Rom or another computer and transfer them onto the reinstalled system.

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In conclusion, the most successful data recovery will come from back-up copies and/or being able to use the Repair feature without affecting current files or programs. In some cases, the manufacturer of the computer may be able to recommend additional steps for data recovery, but the most common ones are outlined above.

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Pay cuts for CEOs? Sounds good to many rank and file workers indeed. CEO pay in the United States has outpaced the rest of the workforce and now the average CEO makes 300 times their counter parts at the lower levels. Let’s face it a company’s job is to make money and a public company’s job is to increase shareholders value and quarterly profits. If all the money is going out the top end then, we need to cut costs there. Performance based pay is one thing, but when a company is not doing so hot, why should the CEO be paid so much? Well if you are wondering that, then you are not alone, in fact you find some friends in this line of thinking at the top as well. Warren Buffet for instance and if you read his papers on Corporate Governance and essays you will see what I mean.

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Today we are replacing manufacturing jobs with robots, which do not complain, call in sick or go on strike. We never have to worry about lifetime pension contributions, employee lawsuits or sexual harassment. In fact we do not even have to worry about on-going education, as we can simply pop in a new program into the robotic machinery to continue the efficiency needed in Finite Capacity Scheduling models.

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Kicking the CEO out the door might be a very inviting idea, as the cost savings would be huge. Artificial Robots could make this a cost-savings reality made in heaven for investors. Cutting a CEO’s pay like Michael Eisner would have saved Disney and unbelievable amount in the 10’s of millions. What about the former Tyco, World Com, Adelphia or Krispy Kreme CEOs; now we are talking, but is it possible to program a computer to do what a CEO does? Well, it could be.

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The computer would not need to take a vacation or have an Ego Complex, you could train it not to steal from the company and make sure its mission was appropriate for the delivery of on time, quality goods to the consumer and the lowest possible costs to the company for the best price scenario of what the market will bare, based on the demographic target market and volume needed to maintain and increase market share.

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Sounds to MBA’ish; well, isn’t that what we do, train humans to think like that in our Business Schools? If it is only a matter of training and we all know human nature is not the best for all the parties previously mentioned then why not shit can the CEO for a robot? Besides if something goes wrong you can literally axe the robot for a later version right? Actually there are artificial intelligent trading programs, which work with a myriad of complex scenarios, which can beat out any human trader in the stock market.

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There are also scientists working on robotic artificial intelligent programs right now to replace these CEOs. Is this a reasonable alternative to seat-of-the-pants, fearless leader, decision-making? Could be. Is it something a small business could use to make decisions too? Ask it a question and it pops out the answer. How about Non-profit groups like the United Nations, such a program instead of Koffee Anan would have prevented the Oil-4-Food Scandal?

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These programs will make the need for organizational capital obsolete using data, complex modeling and better decision-making. If Big Blue can make a computer which can beat a Human in Chess, why not one which can beat out the competition, with their over paid CEO?

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As a matter of fact lets downsize government. A smaller government saves taxpayers money and who need all those brain dead government bureaucrats anyway? Kick the whole lot out the door as one computer could take the place of 100’s if not thousands of the coffee pot sipping scoundrels in Washington D.C., you see there is a brighter future ahead. You just have to think outside he box. Think on it.

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Lance Winslow

The Easy Guide To Building Computers. This is a simple step by step guide On How To Build Your Own Computer.

I have always been interested in computers, but in the beginning, I would not venture any further than to the software end of learning. However, learning only the software side, and knowing nothing about the hardware side, can open you up to some costly times at the shop.

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When I was selling peripherals, I happen to ask my immediate supervisor how he would go about learning the hardware side of computers. He looked at me and flatly stated, “Like I did — learn by doing - build a computer from scratch”. Well, that is exactly what I did. And I’ll give you a tidbit of what I learned and the problems I encountered.

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Lessons Learned

1. I tried to put a floppy drive from my old unit into my new unit. I blew up the floppy drive. Lesson learned - do not put outdated computer components into a new system. Duh!

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2. Some of the old programs are not compatible with the new operating system. Did cost me some extra money and time.

3. Don’t build a new system from scratch - it cost more than a manufactured unit, unless you have money to burn, want to learn more about computers, or you are going to repair computers for a living.

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What do you need in a computer?

Since you are going to run your business from your computer - you want to make sure you get the best you can get, at the price you can afford.

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1. When money allows, piggyback an additional hard drive onto your primary hard drive for backup. Needless to say, your primary hard drive will not last forever.

2. CD-ROM - (Self explanatory)

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3. Hard drive - Make sure your hard drive has enough memory — I have several 40 GB hard drives.

4. Floppy drive - good for quick copies of an Excel, Word, etc.

5. Printer - A quality printer. When looking for a printer, make sure it is compatible with the operating system you have and the operating system that is currently out on the market. Why? It saves you time - you may have to look for an upgrade for your printer online for the new operating system - sometimes it’s free, sometimes it’s not, or sometimes the computer will not support the printer with the new operating systems. They want you to buy a new unit.

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6. Power supply - some suggest that the computer unit should have 300+ voltage to give your operating system a lot of snap.

7. Fans - The new units usually have additional fans to cool the CPU - which will help extend the life of your computer.

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8. Networking capabilities - you’ll never know when you want to add an additional unit, it’s always good to be prepared - and trust me it will happen eventually.

9. If you have to buy a new operating system, I would suggest going with Microsoft XP Professional. I found it very stable, and less likely to crash.

Suggestions

If you start adding everything up, you will realize that I spent more on a “build it yourself unit” versus that of a complete unit. And the complete unit my friend, is definitely the way I will go from now on.

I have bought several units, and through hard knocks (rebates not received, wrong unit sent - poor customer service) - learned that the best deal that I have encountered was from Dell Computers. They offer different computer units, peripherals, printers, etc. with instant savings on select Dell PCs — great weekly deals - reasonable prices and honored rebates. Okay, as you can see I’m sold on Dell - if you want to take a closer look you can go to my website at www.myaffiliateplace.biz to see for yourself what they have to offer.

To conclude, when you buy a computer unit online always be aware of what you’re buying, what you will be using it for and with, and where you are buying it and from whom. Sometimes you have to take the hard knocks to learn, which is okay, however, when the hard knocks include an outlay of money - it’s always good to have some good advise before making a decision.

Vickie J Scanlon has a BBA degree in Administrative Management and Marketing. Visit her site at: http://www.myaffiliateplace.biz for
free tools, articles, ebooks, how to info, and
computer software/hardware.

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Remember the day when you bought your new PC with Windows installed? It was lightning fast. It took only about ten seconds to boot. When you opened the Start menu or the load/save file dialogs, they showed up instantly. But, after a year of heavy use, you now realize that your PC has some serious performance issues. It takes more and more time to boot each time you start it. When you open your Start menu, file dialogs or other Windows Shell powered components, also seem to always need more time. Your computer is grinding its hard disk for seemingly forever as if it was thinking whether you are worthy to see what you had hoped to see.

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Modern computers are very complex systems and need maintenance. They are much like the human body. By consuming large amounts of non-certified products from unknown sources, you increase the level of cholesterol in your blood very quickly. Soon, you would have an obesity problem. You couldn’t run fast either. This is the same reason why your computer slows down over time. The truth is that there are no certified software products for computers. All of the so-called software certificates can only guarantee the authenticity of a software product and not its quality. There are no PC medicine organizations that can certify software. Even large software companies produce software that may harm your system integrity and leave some “cholesterol” in your computer’s veins. And, we won’t even discuss the software from unknown vendors that you download from the Internet!

The Easy Guide To Building Computers. This is a simple step by step guide On How To Build Your Own Computer.

Unlike humans, computers may have many lives. All you need to do is to format your hard drive and install the system from scratch. However, this is not a good solution. By formatting your disks, you lose all your installed programs, preferences and system integrity. Is there another solution? If you need a personal medic for your computer to provide required treatment without killing the patient first, you may want to give SmartPC from SmartPCTools a try. It’s an all-in-one medicine package for your system. You can download it using the following link: Download Here

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There are two versions, Personal and Professional. They differ only by the number of features available. I use the Professional version. Thus, I will guide you through its features. You will then be able to decide for yourself whether you need the Professional or the Personal version.

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Back to the “cholesterol” problem. What is considered to be bad “cholesterol” for your PC and where are the veins? The Registry is your computer’s blood system. All other organs rely on it. All the vital system information is stored in this unified database and all Windows applications poll this information. But, there is a downside. Normally, users log into their Windows with full administrator privileges. You need the administrator privileges in order to install new software and to configure your system and network settings.

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All the applications that you run receive full administrator privileges as well. This means that any program started by you can change almost any section of your Windows Registry, including the settings of other applications. This is how, for example, malicious scripts from the Internet change the Home and Search pages in your Internet Explorer. With the passing of time, even normal applications from reliable vendors leave some records in your Registry that may cause an “obesity” problem. Most computer programs never un-install completely! Users rarely complain about such issues and, as such, developers often ignore the problem. They don’t seem to be worried about such things.

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No complaints - no problem. But this is a problem. After a year of heavy use, your Registry becomes really fat. It occupies more memory, and it takes longer for every application to access the Registry. This can reduce the performance of many applications and increase their start time. But, even worse is that some of the leftovers in your Registry point to non-existing or damaged objects. Here’s an example: When you right-click on a file in Windows Explorer, a contextual menu pops up. It is called “contextual” because of the file type specific actions displayed in this menu.

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When you install a program, it may add its handlers into system menus like the menu that pops up for a file. You probably have some handlers there added by your image viewers (”Open with …”), archives (”Send to..”, “Compress with…”), printer drivers and more. If some of the Registry entries, like these, point to non-existing objects, Windows will try to find them every time. There are also some Registry sections that contain programs to run on Windows startup. They are not shown in the “Startup” section of your Start menu and you cannot remove them manually. Windows will try to start them on every boot.

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Now, for the treatment. Get into a white doctor’s uniform and run SmartPC, your scalpel. The interface is very easy to understand. Click the “Fix” button and you’ll see two options available. Let’s start with cleaning the Registry. In addition to fixing the problems described above, SmartPC will analyze and fix, or delete if necessary, broken links, device drivers, ActiveX components, fonts, un-install entries and more.
As a result, you will have a compact and a fragment-free database without obsolete and broken entries, resulting in increased overall performance of your system.

Not all problems come from the Registry. There is a special type of file, known as a “shortcut”. Your Desktop and the Start menu consist almost entirely of shortcuts. When you access your start menu or when your Desktop is loading, Windows searches for the target objects that are referenced by your shortcuts. When a shortcut contains a broken link, or points to a non-existing object, Windows will try to find this object, retrieve its icon, etc. The second option available in the “Fix” SmartPC section allows you to scan and fix all broken shortcuts on your disks.

Now, let’s move to the “Clean” section of SmartPC. This section allows you to clear all the junk files accumulated on your disks. Sometimes applications “forget” to delete temporary files, and sometimes they leave temporary files due to software errors. SmartPC will empty directories of temporary files. It can also scan your disks to search for temporary files by extension. If you are anxious about security and identity theft, you may want to clean temporary Internet files, delete cookies, IE autofill data, etc.

In the “Optimize” section, you will also find several useful tools to boost your system performance and tune-up some hidden settings. “Hidden” means that these settings are not available through the Control Panel or standard Windows dialogs. For example, you can select whether you wish to log into your Windows account on boot without the need to enter your password, or whether you want Windows to show the login screen with a passwords prompt. The Startup and Un-install Entries Editors also provide some advanced features that are not available in standard Windows configuration applets.

The “Boost Windows” option provides a tool that constantly monitors your memory, removes unusable blocks and de-fragments usable blocks for faster access. If enabled, it runs invisibly and optimizes your system memory. In addition, this tool sets maximum processor use priority to the active window. When you watch a movie, you probably do not want it to make pauses when another application does something in background.
Normally, all running applications share processor time equally. But if you want to boost a multimedia application to its maximum, you need it to give it an exclusive access to your processor.

Does your computer experience the “obesity” problem? Is it full of junk files, broken shortcuts and obsolete registry values? If so, it needs a treatment!

Mykola Rudenko
http://www.Submit-Everywhere.com, CEO

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Microsoft, the software giant that a lot of people love to hate, is now accused with placing “spyware” on machines using Windows XP operating system in order to make sure that there are no pirated copies out there.

Microsoft is doing this through the “Windows Genuine Advantage” (WGA) package that the users download as a part of the critical security updates that MS issues regularly. The users are asked to give their consent to a rather complicated “contract” that most users (of course) do not read in full or even when they do, they do not understand all the fine print legalese involved.

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The critics claim that the WGA software, no matter what it is called by MS, is technically nothing more than a “spyware” since every time a user boots his/her machine it sends very detailed information about not only the operating system itself but even (allegedly) about the serial number of the user’s hard disk.

“Why should Microsoft verify my hard disk number every time I start my machine? Did they buy my hard disk? What if I want to change my hard disk? Should I get Microsoft’s permission in order not to jeopardize my XP’s legal status?” is a complaint heard on some of the blogs criticizing the Microsoft for the intrusive software.

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There are a lot of MS users out there who do not like the fact that MS treats them “guilty until proven innocent” when it comes to Windows XP ownership.

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——————————————————-

Ugur Akinci, Ph.D. is a Creative Copywriter, Editor, an experienced and award-winning Technical Communicator specializing in fundraising packages, direct sales copy, web content, press releases, movie reviews and hi-tech documentation.

He has worked as a Technical Writer for Fortune 100 companies for the last 7 years.

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In addition to being an Ezine Articles Expert Author, he is also a Senior Member of the Society for Technical Communication (STC), and a Member of American Writers and Artists Institute (AWAI).

You can reach him at writer111@gmail.com for a FREE consultation on all your copywriting needs.

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You are most welcomed to visit his official web site http://www.writer111.com for more information on his multidisciplinary background, writing career, and client testimonials.

While at it, you might also want to check the latest book he has edited:http://www.lulu.com/content/263630

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Computers are available in different shapes, sizes and weights, due to these different shapes and sizes they perform different sorts of jobs from one another.

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They can also be classified in different ways. All the computers are designed by the qualified computer architects that design these machines as their requirements.

A computer that is used in a home differs in size and shape from the computer being used in a hospital. Computers act as a server in large buildings, while the computer also differs in size and shape performing its job as a weather forecaster. A student carrying a laptop with him to his college is different in shape and size from all the computers mentioned above.

Here we are going to introduce different classifications of computers one by one. We will discuss what are in classifications and what job they perform.

Super computer

The biggest in size, the most expensive in price than any other is classified and known as super computer. It can process trillions of instructions in seconds. This computer is not used as a PC in a home neither by a student in a college.

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Governments specially use this type of computer for their different calculations and heavy jobs. Different industries also use this huge computer for designing their products.

In most of the Hollywood’s movies it is used for animation purposes. This kind of computer is also helpful for forecasting weather reports worldwide.

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Mainframes

Another giant in computers after the super computer is Mainframe, which can also process millions of instruction per second and capable of accessing billions of data. This computer is commonly used in big hospitals, air line reservations companies, and many other huge companies prefer mainframe because of its capability of retrieving data on a huge basis. This is normally to expensive and out of reach from a salary-based person who wants a computer for his home. This kind of computer can cost up to thousands of dollars.

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Minicomputer

This computer is next in he line but less offers less than mainframe in work and performance. These are the computers, which are mostly preferred by the small type of business personals, colleges, etc.

Personal computers

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Almost all the computer users are familiar with the personal computers. They normally know what the personal computer is and what are its functions. This is the computer mostly preferred by the home users. These computers are lesser in cost than the computers given above and also, small in size; they are also called PCs in short for Personal computers. This computer is small in size and you can easily arrange it to fit in your single bedroom with its all accommodation. Today this is thought to be the most popular computer in all.

Notebook computers

Having a small size and low weight the notebook is easy to carry to anywhere. A student can take it with him/her to his/her school in his/her bag with his/her book. This is easy to carry around and preferred by students and business people to meet their assignments and other necessary tasks. The approach of this computer is also the same as the Personal computer. It can store the same amount of data and having a memory of the same size as that of a personal computer. One can say that it is the replacement of personal desktop computer.

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John Gibb is currently the webmaster of several guide websites. Http://www.computer-and-printer-reviews.com is his latest addition.

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What is a Refurbished Computer?

Refurbished Computers. Remanufactured Computers. Reconditioned Computers. Essentially, all of these terms refer to the same thing. But what does refurbished really mean? A refurbished computer is one that is sent back to the manufacturer for a variety of reasons, refitted with different parts as necessary, and then tested and approved for resale by the manufacturer. Yes, this could mean that a computer was returned because it didn’t work properly. But, this is not always the case. There is a excellent chance that the problem was nothing more than a cosmetic defect, such as a small ding on the monitor. Or it could be that a custumer recieved the wrong model, but had already opened the box.

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Most importantly, refurbished doesn’t mean that you’re buying a computer with a defect or something else wrong with it. All computers go through the same testing and approval process refurbished and new alike.

Refurbished Computers are not Old Computers.

Buying refurbished doesn’t mean you’re stuck with an outdated machine. While computers are forever becoming faster and able to hold more data on larger hard drives, the basics of the computer are still the same. The technology used is typically less than a year old, so you can get processing power and memory specifications that are almost the equivalent of brand new models, but at a much cheaper cost. If you just want an inexpensive computer to do e-mail, surf the Internet, balance your checkbook, play a few games, and do some word processing, you might want to invest in a refurbished model. Most are still upgradeable in case you want to add more memory, a larger hard drive, or even a faster processor later on.

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Who Should buy Refurbished Computers?

Many people new to technology are unsure what there needs are. It often makes sense for them to purchase a refurbished computer. I recently did this for my grandmother. She enjoys geneology and has many boxes and books full of information about our family. The internet is a great tool for researching your ancestory and sharing the fascinating stories that you find. My grandmother had very limited experince with computers, but I purchased a Compaq for her for Christmas. She loves it, and it has allowed her to store much of her information electronically and to share that information with family all over the United States.

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Small home offices can also benifit from purchasing remanufactured computers. Many companies cannot afford a huge investement into hardware. By purchasing quality used equipment these businesses can take advantage of the benifits of technology without breaking the bank.

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JPEG, GIFF/JIFF, BMP, and TIFF are the most commonly used formats for storing still image files such as photographs, graphics, and drawings.
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group and is a standard for image compression.

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However, some amount of data/detail is lost in the process. JPEG therefore is characterized by a glossy compression technique for still color images, just as MPEG is used for compressing
motion picture files.

GIFF/JIFF stands for Graphics Interchange format, which is a bit-mapped graphics file format.

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Its storage is limited to about 256 colors as against 16 million colors in JPEG. GIFF therefore is more suitable to store illustrations rather than color photos.

Other popular formats for storing bit-mapped images are TIFF (Tagged image file format), BMP,and PCX. You’ll also see GIF and JPG.
You may be wondering what a bit-map is? A bit-map graphic is composed of a pattern of dots (each dot containing bits of data). Vector graphics, on the other hand, use geometrical formulas to represent images. The latter can be scaled i.e. the object size can be changed while maintaining its shape. Vector images are thus more flexible than bit-maps. Also vector imageslook better on higher resolution and require less memory.
This brings us to the difference between Paint programs and Draw programs. In Paint program the drawings are represented as bit-maps. Draw programs, on the other hand, represent images as vector graphics.

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Why we need to convert images from one format to another?

? Converting GIFF files to JPEG can compress the files to a considerable extent. The uncompressed data is normally 24 bits/pixel for full-color images. JPEG can achieve 10:1 to 20:1 compression without apparent loss, 30:1 to 50:1 compression with small to moderate defects, and 100:1 for very low quality purposes like archiving. These smaller size files increase storage capacity and take lesser transmission time across networks.

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? JPEG files are extremely useful for image archiving purposes. JPEG files store a full color range (24 bits/pixel as against 8 bits/pixels in GIFF).The display of images is particularly good on full-color hardware that is becoming common now.

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Conversion rules:

? Large, high-quality, real-world scanned photos are the best material for conversion to JPEG format.

? Do not convert black and white images to JPEG that works best with smooth and subtle color palette. B&W images are best on GIF.

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? Even on colored images make sure to smoothen out the sharp edges before carrying out the conversion. A gray-scale image is much easier for a JPEG format.

? Avoid converting images that have already been converted before. Re-conversion spoils the quality of images. It’s best to work with original scanned images here.

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To explain how format conversion is carried out here’s an example:

1. In a Windows operating system go to Start menu - Accessories - Paint

2. Create an image with the program and save it in BMP format. Now Close the file

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3. To convert it into say JPEG, re-open the file

4. Go to File menu and click Save As

5. Rename the file in File name box and in Save as Type drop down box click on the format you want it to be converted to. In this case “JPEG File Interchange Format (*.jpg, *. jpeg,)”

6. Click on the Save button. Your file is now converted from BMP to JPEG.

If you want to change BMP to GIF, follow the same procedure except that in Save as Type box click on “Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)”

Once an image has been converted from one format to another, say GIF to JPEG, some of the information is lost. You can’t go back to the original file. Therefore it is always advisable that you make a copy of the original file before converting it.

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