Your Hard Disk Drive Has Failed
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Hard Disk Drive Failed?
Overview
Modern computer system hard drives can contain a enormous amount of data. So when the hard drive fails, and there are no recent backups available, data recovery is the only option available.
Introduction
A hard drive consists of a number of component parts. Each of which has its own failure modes.
1. Electronics
2. Mechanics
3. Firmware
4. Logical
Electronics
The electronics on a hard disk is the ‘brain’ of the hard drive and a single component failure will stop the drive from functioning correctly. Recovering data from hard disks with electronics failures requires highly skilled electronics engineers who are able to make temporary repairs in order to recover the data.
There are also electronic parts inside the hard drive that are necessary for the correct functionality of the hard drive and consists of the head pre-amplifier circuit.
Mechanical
The critical mechanical parts of a hard drive comprise of, the actuator arm, the motor and the platters. (There are other Mechanical parts, vibro-acoustic components, filters, VCM Magnets, etc, but these are less critical).
The majority of mechanical breakdowns involve the Head pre-amplifier. Whilst this is not exactly a mechanical failure, the way that the head pre-amp is attached to the head stack means that when it fails it involves the replacement of the entire head stack assembly.
The next biggest cause of failure is motor failure. This is a very significant problem and requires specialist equipment so that platter alignment is not lost when removing and replacing the motor. Main problems with motors are burnt out coils and seized bearings.
Firmware
The firmware area or System Area (SA) is a region on the hard drive that contains the manufacturer’s proprietary information such as
- Zone Tables
- Translator Tables
- Head maps
- Security Data
- SMART Logs
- Primary Defect Maps
- Operational code
- Grown Defect Maps
and many others
For a hard drive to function properly it is vital that the Firmware Zone is error free. Repairing the Firmware on a hard drive is a highly skilled job and requires specialist equipment. Making a mistake when modifying the information in the Firmware of a hard disk can render a drive useless.
Logical
Logical problems are where there is no physical problem with the hard drive and it is fully functional. Logical problems are where data has become inaccessible for some reason, for example, the user has deleted the files, the computer has come under virus attack.
The skill set of the engineer requires an understanding of how the operating system that the data was stored on works. Also, knowledge of the structure of individual file types so that quality of files can be determined on a bulk and individual basis.
Recovering Data from Hard Disk Drives. MjM Data Recovery Ltd
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